|
|
Public Choice Theory and the Russian Food Ban
Savory, Oliver ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Figueira, Filipa (referee) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
In this thesis I look at economic statecraft and try to examine why sanctions continue when they are failing, and why countries continue to use them despite debatable claims for success. For example, Hufbauer et. al.'s 2009 analysis shows sanctions only work 34% of the time, Pape (1997) estimates only 5%. Despite this economic statecraft is having a resurgence under the name "geoeconomics". This thesis builds off Kaempfer and Lowenberg's 1988 "Public Choice" theory of international economic sanctions. It hypothesises that in certain cases the domestic interests will be the primary goal of sanctions and therefore should be the primary focus of judging the success or failure of sanctions. Russia's 2014 food import ban is analysed to show that, despite failure to achieve any international goals, it is being successful at achieving the domestic goal of supporting Russian agriculture. The implications being that all current quantitative analysis of economic sanctions have potentially incorrectly measured sanctions as failures by not measuring them against the actual goals of the policies. Further research into this area to establish just how often sanctions are used primarily for domestic reasons, but even sanctions where domestic goals are only of secondary importance, their existence still needs to be...
|
|
|
Tax Changes, Economic and Election Cycle
NOVÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis is focused on the tax changes in the Czech Republic. It examines the taxes' influence during the election period. The thesis starting with Tax Theory and Theory of Public Choice. The general government establishes the taxes; however, there are special-interest groups and bureaucracy, which enforce their interest. The government changes the tax rates to prevent cyclical fluctuations in the economy. The opportunistic theory says that politicians encourage measures that represents the Median Voter in order to be re-elected. The ideological theory says that there is a difference between leftist and rightist parties. These theories are investigated under the conditions of the Czech Republic in 1995 and 2016. The thesis is focused on changes of the revenue side of the state budget. The data are used and are available on the website of the Czech Statistical Office, Finanční správa ČR, AMECO and Revenue Statistics of OECD. To demonstrate of political budget cycle is used the Least Squares Method. The explained variable is tax quota and the revenues of individual taxes. The explanatory variables are: election year, year after election and the reign of the leftist party, which is called Česká sociálně demo-kratická strana (ČSSD). The next explanatory variables are enter of the Czech Republic to European Union and the debt of state budget. The result is to prove the existence of the ideological concept of political-budget cycle in the Czech Republic.
|
|
|
Fiscal rules in selected EU countries between 2004-2015: sensible method for consolidation of public finances or fad of politicians?
Veselý, Lukáš ; Strejček, Ivo (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
The subject of fiscal rules is very topical issue. The rise of public debt in certain developed countries resulted in what is sometimes called "debt crisis". Debt of those countries which is higher than their annual gross domestic product is viewed as unpayable by some economists. The main objective of this thesis has been to prove or disprove hypothesis that the fiscal rules studied in this paper are an effective solution for public finance consolidation. This verification was based on the analysis of fiscal rules functioning in selected countries between 2004 and 2015. As per results of analysis the paper aims to give recommendations for the Czech financial constitution proposal. The actual results of inquiry proved the hypothesis. Well-chosen fiscal rules are the right way towards fiscal consolidation, provided they are observed. Fiscal rules making thus requires an emphasis to be placed on the well-formulated exit clauses altogether with prospective sanctions. The current Czech financial constitution proposal is built on the correctly picked fiscal rule type, although the reference value lacks economic sense and it would not lead, with a high degree of probability, towards fiscal consolidation.
|
|
|
Influence of Ideology of Government Structure on State Budget of Czech Republic between 1993-2014
Doškářová, Barbora ; Ševčíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Prudká, Šárka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with analysis of revenues and expenditures of state budget in the Czech Republic and investigate whether in the Czech Republic since its formation apply traditional theories and opinions regarding state revenues and expenditures or there is already almost no differences between the traditional right- and left-wing policy and populist politics that is not based on ideological grounds plays the primary role. In the theoretical part there is presented the basic theory in the area of ideology as the basis for following analysis of Czech political scene and Public choice theory as the basis for an economic analysis of political decision-making. Subsequently, this section also explains the basic theoretical knowledge of the state budget and understanding budgetary policy from the perspective of two most important ideologies, right- and left-wing. In the analytical part certain data about revenues and expenditures of the state budget variables are analyzed using a two-tailed Wilcoxon test which tests the equality of the medians of the selection group. Diploma thesis confirmed that the erasure of differences between right- and left-wing in budgetary policy in the Czech Republic are insignificant and since its formation still hold traditional views and theories about state revenues and expenditures.
|
|
|
Application of Public Choice Theory to the Olympic Games in Prague
Mutl, Lukáš ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Vokoun, Marek (referee)
Prague competed for holding of the Olympic Games for year 2016, but it did not manage to get to the candidate selection of cities and ended only between applicants. Objective of the work is to apply the public choice theory to holding of the Olympics in Prague, focusing on the interest groups theory. Public choice theory and theory of the interest groups is explained at first. Following part of the work is dedicated to those interest groups which made a profit on mere candidacy and which groups would gain from competition. This work also solves all of the consequences of holding and answeres to the question, why try to compete for Olympic Games.
|
|
|
Political cycle in times of economic crisis
Joska, Jan ; Czesaný, Slavoj (advisor) ; Mládek, Josef (referee)
The diploma thesis analyzes, whether became in the case of the development of real GDP, inflation and unemployment in the Czech Republic and the USA to systematic influence these macroeconomic indicators of the ruling parties and their political orientation. The work is focused on the period from the beginning of the 1990's of 20th century to the present, with an emphasis on the pre-crisis and crisis periods of the current economic crisis. Tested are two fundamental theoretical concepts. The first one is a model of opportunistic theories of the business cycle, then the second one, the model of the ideological theory of the economic cycle. The work also analyzes whether there was in these two states deliberate influencing of government expenditure in electoral periods in order to increase the chances of government politicians for re-election. The work also explores the similarities and differences of the pre-crisis and crisis periods of the current economic crisis to the great depression of the 1930's of 20th century.
|
guest ::
